What are checks and balances?

Checks and balances refer to the methods established by the U.S. Constitution to ensure that no single branch of government—executive, legislative, or judicial—can dominate or abuse its power. This system creates a relationship whereby each branch has the ability to monitor and limit the actions of the others. For instance, while Congress (the legislative branch) has the power to create laws, the President (the executive branch) has the ability to veto legislation. Similarly, the Supreme Court (the judicial branch) can declare laws unconstitutional, thereby limiting the legislative branch’s power.

This framework is fundamental to the concept of separation of powers, designed to prevent tyranny and protect the rights of citizens by ensuring that power is distributed and checked between the different government branches. Each branch must work collaboratively, ensuring accountability and adherence to the rule of law.